Valtimotauti

Valtimotauti, also known as atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease, is a group of conditions affecting the heart and blood vessels. It is characterized by the buildup of plaque, a fatty substance, on the inner walls of arteries. This plaque narrows the arteries, restricting blood flow. The primary cause of valtimotauti is atherosclerosis, a slow, progressive disease. Risk factors include high cholesterol, high blood pressure, smoking, diabetes, obesity, and a sedentary lifestyle. Genetics also plays a role.

The symptoms of valtimotauti can vary depending on the affected artery. Coronary artery disease, a common form, can lead to chest pain (angina), shortness of breath, and heart attack. Peripheral artery disease affects the limbs, often causing leg pain during activity (claudication). Cerebrovascular disease impacts the arteries supplying the brain, increasing the risk of stroke. Diagnosis typically involves medical history, physical examination, blood tests, and imaging studies such as angiography.

Treatment for valtimotauti focuses on managing risk factors and preventing complications. Lifestyle modifications, including a healthy diet, regular exercise, and smoking cessation, are crucial. Medications may be prescribed to lower blood pressure, cholesterol, and blood sugar. In some cases, surgical procedures like angioplasty or bypass surgery may be necessary to restore blood flow. Early detection and management are key to reducing the burden of this widespread disease.