Valréttir

Valréttir are the electoral rights recognized in Icelandic law, forming the core set of civil and political rights that enable participation in democratic processes. The term encompasses the right to vote in elections and referenda, and, in many systems, the right to stand as a candidate, although candidacy is often governed by separate rules.

Eligibility for valréttir typically depends on factors such as citizenship, age, and residency. Most jurisdictions require voters to hold citizenship or lawful residence and to be above a minimum age, commonly 18. Some places allow non-citizen residents to vote in local elections, while others restrict the franchise to citizens only. Additional restrictions may apply, including legal incapacity due to mental state, or temporary disenfranchisement resulting from certain criminal penalties.

The scope of valréttir has expanded over time. Modern democracies generally pursue universal suffrage for eligible adults, while maintaining mechanisms to protect the integrity of elections. Debates continue around issues such as non-citizen voting, the disenfranchisement of individuals with criminal convictions, and the balance between civic participation and safeguarding electoral processes.

In practice, valréttir are implemented through constitutional provisions and electoral laws, which determine eligibility, registration, and the conduct of elections. They are central to discussions of democracy, equality, and political participation.

See also: Suffrage, Universal suffrage, Election law, Civil rights.