Vaginalen

Vaginalen, commonly referred to as the vagina, is a muscular, elastic canal that forms part of the female reproductive tract. It runs from the vulva to the cervix and varies in length and width among individuals. The term vaginalen is used in some languages to denote this structure.

Anatomy and structure: The vaginal wall consists of mucosa, muscular layers, and surrounding connective tissue. The mucosal lining is a non-keratinized stratified squamous epithelium with folds known as rugae that allow distension. The upper end connects with the cervical canal, while the lower end opens at the vaginal introitus. The pelvic floor muscles provide support and help maintain continence and function.

Microbiome and environment: A healthy vagina typically hosts a microbiome dominated by lactobacilli, which produce lactic acid and keep the environment mildly acidic (pH around 3.8 to 4.5). This acidity helps inhibit the growth of many pathogens. Hormonal fluctuations, antibiotics, menstruation, and pregnancy can influence the microbiome and pH.

Functions: The vagina serves as a passage for menstrual blood, a conduit for sexual activity, and a birth canal during vaginal delivery. It also provides lubrication and, together with surrounding tissues, contributes to sexual function and reproductive health.

Development and aging: Puberty increases estrogen levels, thickening the vaginal epithelium and increasing lubrication. Aging and menopause can lead to thinning and reduced lubrication, sometimes causing discomfort without appropriate care.

Health considerations: Common conditions include bacterial vaginosis, vulvovaginal candidiasis, and vaginal atrophy. Symptoms such as unusual discharge, odor, itching, or burning warrant medical evaluation. Practical care emphasizes gentle cleansing of the external area, avoiding irritating products and unnecessary douching, safe sexual practices, and routine gynecological care.