vulvovaginal

Vulvovaginal refers to conditions that involve both the vulva and the vagina. In medical use, it describes symptoms, inflammation, or infections that affect the external genitalia and the adjacent vaginal tissues, collectively termed vulvovaginitis when inflammation is present.

The most common context is vulvovaginitis, which can be infectious (yeast, bacteria, or parasites) or noninfectious (irritants, allergies, hormonal changes, diabetes, or immunosuppression).

Typical symptoms include vulvar itching and burning, redness or swelling, vaginal discharge or irritation, and sometimes pain during urination or sex.

Diagnosis relies on history and pelvic exam, with targeted testing such as vaginal pH, wet mount or KOH prep, Gram stain or cultures, and testing for sexually transmitted infections as indicated.

Treatment is cause-specific: yeast infections respond to topical azoles or single-dose fluconazole; bacterial vaginosis to metronidazole or clindamycin; trichomoniasis to metronidazole or tinidazole with partner treatment. Avoid irritants and use appropriate hygiene.

Prevention includes avoiding irritants, using mild care products, cotton underwear, and managing underlying conditions. Seek care for persistent or worsening symptoms, fever, severe pain, or during pregnancy.