USA

The United States of America (USA) is a federal republic composed of 50 states and additional territories. It is located primarily in North America, with Alaska in the northwest and Hawaii in the central Pacific. The capital is Washington, D.C. The country declared independence in 1776 and ratified the Constitution in 1789, establishing a system of federalism that distributes power between the national government and the states.

Geography and population: The United States covers about 3.8 million square miles (roughly 9.8 million square kilometers) and has a population in the hundreds of millions, currently estimated around 330 to 340 million. The country features diverse landscapes, including mountains, plains, deserts, and coastlines. English is the most commonly spoken language at the federal level, but many other languages are widely used due to immigration.

Government and politics: The United States is a federal constitutional republic with three branches: legislative (Congress, consisting of the Senate and House of Representatives), executive (the President and Vice President), and judicial (the Supreme Court). States have substantial authority, and elections are held at federal, state, and local levels. The nation participates in international organizations and maintains a system of alliances and treaties.

Economy: The United States has the largest nominal economy in the world, characterized by a diversified, market-oriented system. Key sectors include services, finance, technology, manufacturing, and agriculture. The country is a major hub for research and innovation and relies on global trade and investment. The U.S. dollar serves as the primary reserve currency and unit of account.

History and culture: Indigenous peoples inhabited the region long before European colonization. The United States declared independence in 1776, expanded territorially through the 19th century, and built a federal system. The nation underwent industrialization, the Civil War, and a civil rights movement in the 20th century. Today, American culture is diverse and influential in arts, entertainment, education, science, and technology.