Tvisteloven

Tvisteloven, known in Norwegian as the tvisteloven and commonly translated as the Civil Procedure Act, is the central statute governing civil litigation in Norway. It administers the procedures for handling civil disputes in Norwegian courts, from initiation of cases to judgment and enforcement, including rules on pleadings, evidence, and remedies. The act also covers appeals and the manner in which court proceedings are conducted, with regard to timing, party representation, costs, and provisional measures.

Scope and core concepts: Tvisteloven applies to civil and some quasi-civil proceedings before Norwegian courts, such as district courts, appellate courts, and the Supreme Court. It sets framework rules for who may bring a claim, how parties participate, how obligations to disclose information are managed, and how hearings are run. The act aims to balance efficient case processing with fair opportunity for both sides to present their case.

Evidence and trial: The act governs the collection and admissibility of evidence, including documents, witness testimony, and expert opinions. It regulates the burden of proof, the sequence of hearings, and the use of written procedures versus oral proceedings, while providing for interim or provisional measures when necessary to protect rights pending resolution.

Judgments and enforcement: Tvisteloven outlines the forms of judgments, orders, and remedies available in civil disputes, as well as the procedures for appeals and the enforcement of decisions through appropriate authorities.

History and status: The act was enacted to modernize Norwegian civil procedure and has been amended several times to reflect changes in legal practice and cross-border considerations within the European economic area.