Trumpism

Trumpism refers to a political phenomenon associated with Donald Trump and his supporters that emerged during his 2016 presidential campaign and subsequent presidency. It is not a formal ideology with a single manifesto, but a loose blend of populist rhetoric, nationalist sentiment, and conservative policy preferences that has influenced the direction of United States politics.

Core elements include anti-establishment messaging, direct, often combative communication style, and loyalty to a central leader. It emphasizes "America First" priorities, skepticism of immigration and multilateral trade deals, economic nationalism and protectionism, and deregulation in business and energy. It also centers on a law-and-order approach, and a willingness to challenge traditional media and political elites.

Policy orientation and governance: supporters highlight tax cuts, deregulation, conservative judicial appointments, and renegotiation of trade deals as part of Trump's presidency. Critics point to policy volatility, reversals, and concerns about democratic norms, misinformation, and racialized rhetoric.

Reception and debates: Supporters say it reinvigorated the Republican base, expanded appeal to working-class voters, and reframed conservative politics around national sovereignty and economic protectionism. Critics argue it strains democratic norms, fuels polarization, and fosters xenophobia or authoritarian tendencies; scholars debate whether Trumpism represents a distinct ideology or a repackaging of existing conservatism.

Influence and legacy: Trumpism has influenced Republican messaging, campaign strategy, and policy debates since 2015, with elements continuing in party discourse and on the right-wing media ecosystem. It is characterized more by style and approach than a formal platform, and its prominence depends on the political moment.