Triphasische

Triphasische, or three-phase, describes electrical systems and signals consisting of three alternating voltages or currents that are offset by 120 degrees. In generation, a three-phase alternator produces three sinusoidal waveforms, creating a rotating magnetic field that can efficiently convert mechanical energy into electrical energy and vice versa. Because power is proportional to the sum of the instantaneous voltages, the overall output remains relatively constant, reducing torque ripple and improving efficiency for electric motors and power transmission.

Two common connection schemes are used: star (wye) and delta. In a star connection a neutral conductor may be present, and line voltage is equal to the phase voltage multiplied by the square root of three. In a delta connection no neutral is required. Three-phase systems can carry more power with smaller conductors than equivalent single-phase systems, and they enable simpler, robust induction machines and synchronous machines.

Applications include electricity generation, high-capacity transmission, and industrial motors and equipment. Three-phase power is standard for utility grids and industrial facilities, due to its efficiency and ease of motor control.

Historically, three-phase systems were developed in the late 19th century and became dominant for large-scale power networks, with contributions from engineers such as Nikola Tesla and George Westinghouse. Standards for voltages, frequencies, and phase sequence vary by region, with 50 Hz common in many parts of the world and 60 Hz in others.