Transkrypty

Transkrypty are written records of spoken language or other signals produced through transcription. They function as primary data sources for linguistics, journalism, media analysis, archival documentation, and legal proceedings. Transcripts can be created from audio or video recordings and may include metadata such as speaker identity, dates, and timestamps to situate the material in time.

Transcripts vary in fidelity and format. Verbatim transcripts aim to capture every utterance, including hesitations and false starts, while edited transcripts remove or reduce disfluencies for readability. Orthographic transcripts present standard spelling, whereas phonetic transcripts reflect pronunciation and are often used in linguistic analysis. Time-aligned transcripts attach timestamps or frame references to segments to aid search and synchronization with media. Some transcripts incorporate annotations for overlap, emotion, or nonverbal cues like gestures.

Creation and standards: the process typically involves manual transcription, aided by software or automatic speech recognition, followed by verification, correction, and annotation. Common file formats include subtitle formats such as SRT or WebVTT for captions, and richer formats like TEI XML or JSON used in research databases and digital archives.

Applications and considerations: Transkrypty support research in linguistics and anthropology, media monitoring, journalism, and legal proceedings, and they enhance accessibility through captions and written records. Challenges include ensuring accuracy, managing multilingual content, and addressing privacy, consent, and copyright. Selecting appropriate transcription conventions is essential to avoid misinterpretation and to meet the needs of different audiences and workflows.