Tianhou

Tianhou, literally meaning "Queen of Heaven," is a title most commonly applied to Mazu, the Chinese sea goddess also known as Lin Moniang. In Chinese folk religion and Taoist practice, Tianhou denotes the supreme protectress of mariners and coastal communities. The cult centers on Mazu, who is reputed to have performed miraculous acts and to have guided and protected fishermen and sailors. The worship of Tianhou grew from the Fujian coast in the Song to Yuan periods and spread with migration to Taiwan, Southeast Asia, and other Chinese communities.

Tianhou is typically honored in temples called Tianhou Gong or Mazu Temple, where statues depict the goddess in imperial attire. Rites include incense offerings, lanterns, and maritime blessings; processions and temple fairs accompany major festivals. The most widely observed occasion is the birthday of Mazu, celebrated on the 23rd day of the third lunar month, though local calendars may vary. Annual pilgrimages and temple activities reinforce community identities among fishermen, immigrants, and overseas Chinese.

Today, Tianhou/Mazu remains a major religious and cultural figure across Fujian, Taiwan, Hong Kong, and many Southeast Asian communities, with thousands of temples dedicated to her. Her temples often serve as cultural centers, hosting traditional performances, genealogy gatherings, and charitable activities.