Thiram

Thiram, or tetramethylthiuram disulfide, is a broad‑spectrum fungicide in the dithiocarbamate family. It is used primarily as a seed treatment and crop protectant to guard against fungal diseases such as damping‑off and various seed‑ and soil‑borne pathogens. It is also applied as a foliar fungicide in horticulture. The compound has the formula C6H12N2S4 and is commonly formulated as dusts, wettable powders, or flowable liquids for agricultural use.

Applications include fruits, vegetables, grains, ornamental plants, and turf, with particular use in nurseries, greenhouses, and orchards. Seed treatments release thiram gradually to protect germinating seedlings. Its effectiveness is often integrated into broader pest management programs and used in combination with other fungicides.

Safety and regulation: Thiram can irritate skin, eyes, and the respiratory tract and may be harmful if swallowed or absorbed through the skin. It is toxic to aquatic organisms, and residues may persist on treated seeds or surfaces if misused. Regulations on thiram vary by country and by intended use; follow the product label and applicable safety guidelines, including the use of protective clothing and proper handling procedures.

Environmental fate: Thiram degrades in soil and water through microbial activity, hydrolysis, and photolysis, but adverse effects on non‑target organisms may occur if released in significant amounts. Users should apply thiram only as directed to minimize environmental impact.