Thermoplastische

Thermoplastische, or thermoplastics, are a class of polymers that soften when heated and harden when cooled. This reversible melting behavior allows them to be reshaped multiple times, enabling recycling and a range of manufacturing processes. Unlike thermosetting polymers, which cure into a rigid, crosslinked network that cannot be remelted, thermoplastische polymers flow under heat and solidify upon cooling.

They can be amorphous or semi-crystalline; crystalline content influences transparency, stiffness, and heat resistance. Additives modify properties, including stabilizers, plasticizers, fillers, and flame retardants. Common examples include polyethylene (PE), polypropylene (PP), polystyrene (PS), polyvinyl chloride (PVC), and polyethylene terephthalate (PET). Engineering thermoplastics include polycarbonate (PC), polyamides (nylon), polyoxymethylene (POM), and others such as PEEK.

Processing methods include melt processing such as injection molding, extrusion, blow molding, calendering, and 3D printing. Reprocessing through mechanical recycling is feasible in many cases, though contaminants and mixed streams complicate recycling.

They are widely used in packaging, automotive components, electronics, and consumer goods due to low cost and versatility; however, heat resistance, UV stability, and long-term creep vary by polymer.

Environmental considerations: recyclability varies; many thermoplastics can be mechanically recycled, but recycling infrastructure and contamination influence feasibility. Chemical recycling is advancing for selected polymers. End-of-life management and additive content impact overall environmental performance.