Terrakota

Terakota, often written as terrakota in several languages, refers to terracotta, a ceramic material made from natural clay and fired at relatively low to mid-range temperatures. The term describes both the material itself and the characteristic reddish-brown color produced by iron oxide in the clay.

Production and properties

Terakota is formed from clay that is molded or sculpted while plastic, then dried and fired. The firing process hardens the material but leaves it porous and fairly brittle compared with stoneware and porcelain. The color ranges from red to orange-brown, with variations influenced by mineral impurities and firing conditions. Terrakota is typically unglazed, though it can be glazed to improve durability and reduce porosity. As an earthenware, it is softer and more permeable than higher-fired ceramics.

Uses and applications

Throughout history, terakota has been used for sculpture, architectural ornament, bricks, and roof tiles. It has featured prominently in many ancient cultures, including Egyptian, Mesopotamian, Greek, Etruscan, and Chinese traditions. Notable examples include large-scale architectural ornaments and the famous Terracotta Army created for the mausoleum of Qin Shi Huang. In modern contexts, terakota remains popular for pottery, decorative objects, and exterior cladding or tiles, valued for its natural feel and warm color.

Color and cultural significance

In addition to its functional role, terakota is also used as a color name in design and fashion, conveying an earthy, warm tone. While the term often denotes the material, in some languages terakota can refer to both the ceramic and its characteristic hue.