Tejtermelését

Tejtermelését refers to the process of milk production, primarily from domesticated mammals. This practice is ancient, dating back to the Neolithic period when humans first began domesticating animals for food and resources. The most common animals used for milk production globally are cows, goats, sheep, and buffalo. Other animals like camels, yaks, and horses are also milked in specific regions.

The process begins with the female animal entering lactation, typically after giving birth. The duration of lactation varies by species and breed, as does the quantity and composition of the milk produced. Milk is composed of water, fat, protein, lactose (a sugar), and minerals. These components provide essential nutrients for the young and are also highly valued by humans.

Modern dairy farming involves various methods of milk extraction. Historically, milking was done by hand. Today, manual milking is still practiced, especially in smaller operations or for certain animal types. However, mechanized milking parlors and automated milking systems are prevalent in larger commercial dairies, increasing efficiency and hygiene. The collected milk is then typically cooled rapidly to preserve its quality and prevent bacterial growth.

From the farm, milk is transported to processing plants. Here, it undergoes pasteurization, a heat treatment designed to kill harmful bacteria and extend shelf life. Further processing can include homogenization, a process that breaks down fat globules to prevent separation, and the creation of various dairy products such as cheese, yogurt, butter, and cream. The demand for milk and its derivatives is significant worldwide, making dairy farming a crucial sector of the agricultural economy in many countries.