Taustasukupuuttoa

Taustasukupuuttoa, meaning "background extinction" in Finnish, refers to the natural, ongoing process of species dying out at a low rate, typical of Earth's history. This is in contrast to mass extinction events, where a large number of species disappear in a geologically short period. Background extinction is a gradual phenomenon driven by evolutionary processes such as competition, predation, disease, and environmental change over long timescales.

Species typically become extinct due to a variety of factors. Habitat loss or degradation, whether through natural processes like climate shifts or geological events, or more recently through human activities, is a primary driver. The introduction of invasive species can also outcompete native flora and fauna, leading to their decline. Overexploitation, such as hunting or fishing beyond sustainable levels, can also push species towards extinction. Furthermore, diseases can decimate vulnerable populations.

The background extinction rate is estimated to be around one to five species per million per year for mammals and birds, though estimates vary. This rate has historically been much lower than the current extinction rates observed, which many scientists attribute to human activities and consider a sign of a current mass extinction event. Understanding background extinction helps scientists contextualize the current biodiversity crisis and assess the impact of human influence on the planet's ecosystems.