Tasavalta

Tasavalta is the Finnish term for a republic, a form of government in which sovereignty rests with the people and their elected representatives rather than a hereditary monarch. In a tasavalta, a constitution generally defines the separation of powers among legislative, executive, and judicial branches, and sets rules for elections, civil rights, and government accountability.

Republics vary in practice. Parliamentary republics typically feature a head of government who is elected by the legislature and is responsible to it, while the head of state carries mainly ceremonial duties. Presidential republics place more executive power in a directly elected president who may also serve as head of government, and semi-presidential systems blend elements of both. Common elements across tasavalto include regular elections, rule of law, multiparty competition, and constitutional limitations on power.

As a national identity and constitutional form, tasavalta is exemplified by Finland, whose official name is Suomen tasavalta (the Republic of Finland). In Finland, the president is the head of state with largely ceremonial powers, while the government is led by a prime minister and is responsible to the parliament. The Eduskunta, a unicameral parliament, holds legislative authority, and the judiciary operates independently. Elections are held at regular intervals, and coalition governments are a typical feature of the political system.

Globally, tasavalta describes a widespread form of government in which citizens participate in governance through elected representatives and legal constraints on power. The specific institutions and powers of the executive, legislature, and judiciary vary from country to country.