Tartófalak

Tartófalak, also known as retaining walls, are structures designed to hold back soil or other loose materials. They are essential in construction and civil engineering projects where there are changes in ground elevation or where soil needs to be stabilized. The primary function of a tartófal is to counteract the lateral pressure exerted by the retained material.

These walls are crucial for preventing landslides, erosion, and the collapse of unsupported soil masses. They are commonly found in areas with steep slopes, along roadsides, in terraced gardens, and in waterfront developments to prevent erosion. The design and construction of tartófalak depend heavily on factors such as the height of the retained material, the type of soil, groundwater conditions, and the expected loads.

Various types of tartófalak exist, including gravity walls, semi-gravity walls, cantilever walls, and anchored walls. Gravity walls rely on their own weight for stability. Cantilever walls are typically made of reinforced concrete and use a combination of the wall's weight and the soil's weight on the heel to resist overturning. Anchored walls are reinforced with anchors embedded in the soil behind the wall to provide additional support.

Materials used in the construction of tartófalak can include concrete, masonry, timber, and gabions (wire cages filled with stones). Proper drainage behind the wall is critical to reduce hydrostatic pressure, which can significantly weaken the structure. This is often achieved through weep holes or a layer of gravel and perforated pipe.