Tarkkaavaisuushäiriö

Tarkkaavaisuushäiriö, often referred to by its abbreviation ADHD (Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder), is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by persistent patterns of inattention and/or hyperactivity-impulsivity that interfere with functioning or development. It is one of the most common neurodevelopmental disorders of childhood, but it can persist into adulthood.

The symptoms of ADHD typically fall into two main categories: inattention and hyperactivity-impulsivity. Inattention can manifest as difficulty sustaining attention, forgetfulness, being easily distracted, and problems with organization. Hyperactivity-impulsivity might include fidgeting, restlessness, excessive talking, difficulty waiting for one's turn, and interrupting others. The specific presentation and severity of these symptoms can vary greatly among individuals.

The exact causes of ADHD are not fully understood, but research suggests a combination of genetic, neurological, and environmental factors play a role. It is not caused by poor parenting or lack of willpower. Diagnosis is made by qualified healthcare professionals based on specific diagnostic criteria, often involving interviews, rating scales, and observation of behavior.

While there is no cure for ADHD, effective treatments are available. These often include a combination of behavioral therapies, educational support, and sometimes medication. The goal of treatment is to manage symptoms and improve an individual's ability to function in daily life, academic settings, and social interactions. Early diagnosis and intervention can significantly improve outcomes for individuals with tarkkaavaisuushäiriö.