Tanzanian

Tanzanian refers to anything related to Tanzania, a country in East Africa, or to a person from Tanzania. The United Republic of Tanzania comprises the mainland Tanganyika and the semi-autonomous Zanzibar archipelago. The capital is Dodoma, and the largest city and economic hub is Dar es Salaam.

Geography and people: Tanzania is bordered by Kenya and Uganda to the north, the Democratic Republic of the Congo, Rwanda, and Burundi to the west, and Mozambique to the southeast, with a coastline on the Indian Ocean. It includes diverse landscapes such as savannas, highlands, lakes (notably Victoria and Tanganyika), and the volcanic Kilimanjaro. The population is ethnically diverse, with more than 120 distinct groups. Swahili and English are the official languages; Swahili is the national lingua franca.

Culture and society: Tanzanian culture reflects African, Arab, and Indian Ocean trade influences, especially along the Swahili coast. Islam is prevalent in Zanzibar and coastal areas; Christianity is widespread on the mainland. Traditional music, dance, and crafts coexist with modern arts, and cuisine features staples like ugali, along with seafood and regional dishes.

Economy and environment: Tanzania is a lower-middle-income country with an economy based on agriculture, mining, and services, including tourism. Major exports include gold, coffee, tea, and cashews. Iconic wildlife reserves and parks, such as Serengeti, Kilimanjaro National Park, and Stone Town in Zanzibar, attract visitors and support conservation.

History and governance: Tanganyika gained independence in 1961; Zanzibar followed in 1963. The United Republic of Tanzania was formed in 1964. The country operates a semi-presidential system with a president and a multiparty parliament.