TNFinhibiitorid

TNF-inhibiitorid are a class of biologic medicines designed to reduce inflammation by blocking tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), a cytokine involved in driving immune responses. They can be monoclonal antibodies or receptor fusion proteins that either bind TNF-α directly or mimic its receptor to prevent signaling.

Common examples include monoclonal antibodies such as infliximab, adalimumab, certolizumab pegol, and golimumab, and the TNF receptor fusion protein etanercept. These agents differ in their structure and routes of administration: several are given by subcutaneous injection, while infliximab is administered by intravenous infusion. Dosing schedules vary by product and indication.

TNF inhibitors are used to treat a range of chronic inflammatory conditions, most notably rheumatoid arthritis, psoriatic arthritis, axial spondyloarthritis, plaque psoriasis, Crohn’s disease, and ulcerative colitis. They may also be used for hidradenitis suppurativa and certain uveitis conditions. They are often considered after failure of conventional therapies or early in disease management for some conditions, and biosimilars have expanded access in many regions.

Safety and monitoring are important aspects of TNF-inhibitor therapy. Before starting treatment, patients are screened for latent tuberculosis and hepatitis B infection. Potential adverse effects include increased risk of serious infections, reactivation of latent infections, infusion or injection reactions, and rare immune-mediated or neurological events. Some agents may worsen or exacerbate heart failure or demyelinating diseases. Vaccination status should be reviewed, and live vaccines are generally avoided during treatment. Pregnancy and breastfeeding require individual risk assessment.

In clinical practice, the choice of agent depends on disease, patient comorbidities, prior responses, and access considerations.