Tölvunaraflsþáttur

Tölvunaraflsþáttur, often translated as computer power factor or computational power factor, is a concept related to the efficiency and quality of electrical power delivered to and utilized by computer systems. It quantifies how effectively the electrical power is being converted into useful work by the computer's power supply unit (PSU). A higher power factor indicates a more efficient use of electrical energy, leading to reduced waste and lower electricity bills.

The power factor is typically a value between 0 and 1, and it is determined by the relationship between real power (measured in watts, W), which performs useful work, and apparent power (measured in volt-amperes, VA), which is the total power supplied. In ideal scenarios, the power factor is close to 1, meaning almost all supplied power is converted into useful work. However, in many electronic devices, including computer PSUs, the power factor can be lower due to the nature of their internal components, such as capacitors and inductors, which can cause phase shifts between voltage and current.

Modern computer power supplies, especially those designed for high performance or servers, often incorporate power factor correction (PFC) circuits. These circuits actively adjust the input current to minimize phase shifts and harmonic distortion, thereby improving the power factor. Active PFC is generally more effective than passive PFC, which uses simpler components. A good power factor is not only beneficial for the end-user but also for the stability of the electrical grid, as it reduces the burden on power infrastructure by minimizing reactive power.