Südamehaigus

Südamehaigus, often referred to as heart disease, encompasses a range of conditions affecting the heart and blood vessels. These conditions can be congenital, meaning present at birth, or acquired later in life. The most prevalent forms of acquired heart disease are related to atherosclerosis, a process where plaque builds up inside the arteries, narrowing them and restricting blood flow. This can lead to coronary artery disease, which affects the arteries supplying the heart muscle itself.

Other significant types of heart disease include heart failure, where the heart cannot pump blood effectively, and arrhythmias, which are irregular heart rhythms. Valvular heart disease involves problems with the heart valves that regulate blood flow. Hypertension, or high blood pressure, is a major risk factor for many types of heart disease, as it puts extra strain on the heart and blood vessels.

Risk factors for developing heart disease are numerous and often interconnected. They include lifestyle choices such as smoking, poor diet, lack of physical activity, and excessive alcohol consumption. Medical conditions like diabetes, high cholesterol, obesity, and a family history of heart disease also significantly increase the risk.

Symptoms of heart disease can vary widely depending on the specific condition. They may include chest pain or discomfort, shortness of breath, fatigue, palpitations, and swelling in the legs or feet. Early detection and management are crucial for preventing severe complications and improving outcomes. Diagnosis typically involves a combination of medical history, physical examination, electrocardiograms (ECG), echocardiograms, stress tests, and blood tests. Treatment strategies depend on the type and severity of the heart disease and can include lifestyle modifications, medications, and in some cases, surgical procedures.