Söögitoruvähk

Söögitoruvähk refers to cancer that develops in the esophagus, the muscular tube connecting the throat to the stomach. The most common types of esophageal cancer are adenocarcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma. Adenocarcinoma often begins in the glandular cells that line the esophagus and is frequently associated with gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) and Barrett's esophagus, a precancerous condition where the lining of the esophagus changes. Squamous cell carcinoma arises from the flat, scale-like cells that make up the surface of the esophagus and is more commonly linked to smoking and heavy alcohol consumption.

Risk factors for developing esophageal cancer include age, sex (more common in men), obesity, and a diet low in fruits and vegetables. Symptoms can be vague in the early stages but may include difficulty swallowing (dysphagia), pain in the chest, neck, or back, unexplained weight loss, hoarseness, and persistent cough. As the tumor grows, swallowing difficulties typically worsen.

Diagnosis usually involves medical history, a physical examination, and imaging tests such as an endoscopy with biopsy, barium swallow, or CT scan. Treatment options depend on the stage and type of cancer, as well as the patient's overall health. They can include surgery to remove the cancerous part of the esophagus, radiation therapy, chemotherapy, or a combination of these. Early detection is crucial for improving prognosis.