Szájpenész

Szájpenész, also known as oral thrush or candidiasis, is a fungal infection of the mouth. It is most commonly caused by an overgrowth of a yeast called Candida albicans, which is normally present in the mouth in small amounts. When the balance of microorganisms in the mouth is disrupted, Candida can multiply and cause infection.

Symptoms of szájpenész can include white or yellowish patches on the tongue, inner cheeks, roof of the mouth, gums, and tonsils. These patches may appear creamy and can be scraped off, sometimes revealing red, raw, or bleeding tissue underneath. Other symptoms may include redness, soreness, a burning sensation, loss of taste, and difficulty swallowing. In infants, thrush can cause fussiness and feeding difficulties.

Several factors can increase the risk of developing szájpenész. These include weakened immune systems due to conditions like HIV/AIDS, cancer, or chemotherapy. The use of broad-spectrum antibiotics or corticosteroids, either inhaled or oral, can also disrupt the natural balance of microorganisms. Dentures, especially if they do not fit well or are not cleaned properly, can harbor Candida. Diabetes, particularly when poorly controlled, is another risk factor. In infants, thrush is common and can be passed from mother to baby during childbirth.

Diagnosis is typically made based on the characteristic appearance of the mouth. A healthcare provider may scrape a sample from a lesion to examine under a microscope or send it for culture to confirm the presence of Candida. Treatment usually involves antifungal medications, which can be taken orally, applied topically as a suspension, or in lozenge form. The duration of treatment depends on the severity of the infection and the individual's health status. Good oral hygiene practices are important for prevention and management.