Syndesmoseinstabilität

Syndesmoseinstabilität refers to the disruption of the syndesmosis, a joint that connects the tibia and fibula bones in the lower leg. This joint is stabilized by a complex of ligaments, including the anterior and posterior tibiofibular ligaments, the interosseous membrane, and the inferior transverse ligament. Injury to these ligaments can lead to increased mobility and instability between the tibia and fibula.

The most common cause of syndesmoseinstabilität is trauma, often occurring during high-impact sports or falls. This can involve direct blows to the leg or forceful twisting injuries. Symptoms typically include pain localized to the ankle and lower leg, swelling, and a feeling of instability or "giving way" in the ankle. Patients may also experience pain when walking or bearing weight, particularly when the foot is rotated outwards.

Diagnosis usually involves a physical examination to assess for tenderness, swelling, and specific signs of syndesmotic disruption. Imaging studies such as X-rays are often used to rule out fractures and can sometimes show widening of the space between the tibia and fibula. More detailed imaging, like an MRI, may be necessary to fully evaluate the extent of ligamentous injury.

Treatment for syndesmoseinstabilität depends on the severity of the injury. Mild cases may be managed non-surgically with rest, ice, compression, and elevation (RICE), along with pain medication and physical therapy to regain strength and stability. For more severe or unstable injuries, surgical intervention may be required to repair or reconstruct the damaged ligaments and restore the alignment and stability of the tibiofibular joint. Rehabilitation after surgery is crucial for a full recovery.