Sykursjúkdóma

Sykursjúkdóma, more commonly known as diabetes mellitus, is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by elevated levels of glucose in the blood. This occurs when the pancreas does not produce enough insulin, or when the body cannot effectively use the insulin it produces. Insulin is a hormone that regulates blood sugar. There are several types of diabetes, with the most common being type 1, type 2, and gestational diabetes. Type 1 diabetes is an autoimmune condition where the body’s immune system attacks and destroys insulin-producing cells in the pancreas. It typically develops in childhood or adolescence. Type 2 diabetes is the most prevalent form, often linked to lifestyle factors such as obesity and lack of physical activity. In type 2 diabetes, the body either doesn't produce enough insulin or becomes resistant to its effects. Gestational diabetes occurs during pregnancy and usually resolves after delivery, though it increases the risk of developing type 2 diabetes later. Symptoms can include increased thirst, frequent urination, unexplained weight loss, fatigue, and blurred vision. If left untreated, diabetes can lead to serious long-term complications affecting the heart, blood vessels, eyes, kidneys, and nerves. Management typically involves lifestyle modifications, medication, and regular monitoring of blood glucose levels.