Sydäntauteja

Sydäntauteja, commonly referred to as heart disease, is a broad category of conditions that affect the heart and blood vessels. These diseases are a leading cause of death globally and can impact individuals of all ages, though their prevalence increases with age.

The most common type of heart disease is coronary artery disease (CAD), which occurs when the arteries that supply blood to the heart muscle become narrowed or blocked. This narrowing is typically caused by atherosclerosis, a buildup of plaque composed of cholesterol, fat, and other substances. When blood flow to the heart is severely restricted or completely blocked, it can lead to a heart attack.

Other forms of heart disease include heart failure, where the heart cannot pump blood effectively; arrhythmias, which are abnormal heart rhythms; valvular heart disease, affecting the heart valves; and congenital heart defects, present from birth.

Risk factors for developing heart disease are numerous and include high blood pressure, high cholesterol, diabetes, obesity, smoking, a sedentary lifestyle, and a family history of heart disease. Lifestyle modifications such as adopting a healthy diet, regular exercise, and avoiding smoking are crucial for prevention. Medical interventions, including medication and surgery, are available to manage and treat existing heart conditions. Early detection and management are key to improving outcomes and reducing the mortality associated with sydäntauteja.