Svetsa

Svetsa is the process of joining metals by creating a weld, typically through melting the base materials and, in most methods, adding filler material. The Swedish term svetsning covers these techniques, and svets refers to the resulting weld. Welding is used to form permanent joints in a wide range of industries and structures.

Common welding methods include arc welding, where an electric arc melts the workpiece and often a filler metal. SMAW (shielded metal arc welding), also known as manual metal arc welding, uses consumable electrodes. MIG/MAG welding (GMAW/SMAW in some references) uses a continuous filler wire and shielding gas. TIG welding (GTAW) employs a non-consumable tungsten electrode and precise heat control for high-quality joints, often without filler. Plasma arc welding and laser or electron beam welding provide concentrated heat for deep or narrow welds. Resistance welding, including spot welding, joins metals by applying pressure and electric current. Solid-state methods, such as friction welding, join without full melting.

Equipment and preparation are essential. A welding power source, protective shielding gas (where applicable), welding torch or electrode holder, and appropriate filler material are used. Pre-weld joint preparation includes cleaning, fit-up, and sometimes beveling. Welding positions (flat, horizontal, vertical, overhead) affect technique and quality. Materials commonly welded include steel, stainless steel, aluminum and other alloys, each with specific process considerations, such as oxide layers or thermal expansion.

Safety and quality are central. Welding can generate burns, UV radiation, fumes, and heat; extensive PPE, ventilation, and fire safety measures are required. Quality control involves inspection and nondestructive testing; adherence to standards such as EN ISO 9606 for welder qualification and EN ISO 3834 for welding quality requirements is typical in professional settings.