Suturi

Suturi, in medical terminology, denotes the materials and techniques used to close wounds or surgical incisions. Sutures (singular: suture) serve to hold tissue under tension, bring edges together, and promote healing while maintaining hemostasis. Suturi come in absorbable and non-absorbable forms.

Absorbable sutures, made from natural materials such as gut or synthetic polymers such as polyglycolic acid, polylactic acid, polyglactin 910, and polydioxanone, gradually lose strength and are absorbed by the body. Non-absorbable sutures, including silk, nylon, polypropylene, and stainless steel, provide lasting mechanical support until healing completes, and may be removed later or left in place if permanent support is needed.

Needles are integral to suturi; they are curved or straight, with various point designs (tapered, cutting, reverse cutting) to suit tissue type. Common suturing techniques include simple interrupted, continuous, mattress, vertical and horizontal mattress, and subcuticular patterns. Closure choice depends on tissue, tension, infection risk, and cosmetic outcome. Aseptic technique and knot security are essential.

Historically, sutures have evolved from gut and silk to modern synthetic materials, with improvements in absorbability, strength, and reduced tissue reaction. Medical indications span cutaneous wounds, subcutaneous closure, deep fascia, vessels, and organ suturing; microsurgical sutures enable delicate work in ophthalmology and vascular surgery.

Complications can include infection, tissue reaction, dehiscence, and granuloma formation. Proper material selection, technique, and postoperative care minimize risks. See also wound closure and suture materials.