Sulfonikloridit

Sulfonikloridit, also known as sulfonyl chlorides, are a class of organosulfur compounds with the general formula RSO2Cl. In these compounds, a sulfonyl group (SO2) is bonded to a chlorine atom. Sulfonikloridit are typically colorless, often crystalline solids or liquids that can have pungent odors. They are generally reactive compounds due to the polarized sulfur-chlorine bond, making the sulfur atom susceptible to nucleophilic attack.

These compounds are important intermediates in organic synthesis. They are commonly prepared by the reaction of sulfonic acids or their salts with chlorinating agents like phosphorus pentachloride (PCl5) or thionyl chloride (SOCl2). The reactivity of the sulfonyl chloride group allows for a variety of transformations. For instance, they readily react with amines to form sulfonamides, which are prevalent in pharmaceuticals. Reaction with alcohols yields sulfonic esters. Sulfonikloridit can also be used in Friedel-Crafts sulfonylation reactions to introduce a sulfonyl group onto aromatic rings. Their stability can vary depending on the nature of the R group attached to the sulfonyl moiety.