Subtests

Subtests are individual sections of a larger assessment designed to measure specific abilities or domains within a broader test. They yield itemized performance data and contribute to composite scores used to describe an overall profile.

In psychology and education, many standardized batteries are composed of multiple subtests. Each subtest targets a particular cognitive area or skill, such as verbal reasoning, processing speed, or working memory. Subtests typically have their own normative data, scoring rules, and psychometric properties. For example, the WAIS-IV includes ten core subtests that feed into four index scores (Verbal Comprehension, Perceptual Reasoning, Working Memory, Processing Speed) as well as an overall Full Scale IQ. Subtest scores help clinicians identify relative strengths and weaknesses and inform diagnosis, intervention planning, and progress monitoring.

Scoring usually involves converting raw scores to scaled scores or standard scores, which are interpreted in the context of age- or grade-based norms. Because subtest scores can vary for reasons unrelated to ability (test-taking factors, cultural or linguistic differences), patterns across subtests are typically considered rather than relying on a single subtest in isolation. Administration follows standardized procedures to ensure comparability and reliability; examiner training and standardized timing are common requirements.

In software testing, the term subtest or subtest case refers to a smaller test component within a larger test scenario. Some testing frameworks support subtests to run multiple input cases within a single test, enabling separate results while sharing setup code. This modular approach helps organize tests and clarifies which inputs or conditions fail.

Subtests provide granular information about performance within a broader assessment, facilitating nuanced interpretation and targeted action across domains.