Submandibularis

Submandibularis is the Latin term used in anatomy to refer to the submandibular region and its structures, most notably the submandibular gland (glandula submandibularis). The gland is a major salivary gland located in the submandibular triangle of the neck, inferior to the body of the mandible. It is wrapped around the posterior edge of the mylohyoid muscle and consists of superficial and deep lobes. The excretory duct, the submandibular duct (Wharton’s duct), travels anteriorly across the floor of the mouth and opens at the sublingual caruncle beside the tongue.

Parasympathetic innervation to the submandibular gland is provided by the chorda tympani branch of the facial nerve, which synapses in the submandibular ganglion; postganglionic fibers then stimulate secretion. Sympathetic fibers from the external carotid plexus also contribute to glandular function, influencing blood flow and secretion. The gland produces a mixed serous and mucous saliva and contributes a substantial portion of unstimulated saliva.

Clinically, the submandibular region is notable for sialolithiasis, with stones frequently forming in Wharton’s duct and causing glandular swelling or pain, particularly during meals. Tumors, most commonly pleomorphic adenomas, can occur in the gland. Surgical considerations in the region include the proximity of the facial nerve branches and surrounding vessels; submandibular gland excision may be indicated for chronic sialadenitis, tumors, or persistent obstruction.