Stresse

Stresse is a term used in some contexts to denote the state of mental or physical tension produced by demands, threats, or pressures. In psychology and physiology, stresse refers to the organism's response to situations perceived as exceeding coping resources. The term covers experiences of anxiety or arousal as well as the bodily changes that accompany them.

There are several forms of stresse: acute stress, which lasts for a short period and can be protective or mobilizing; chronic stress, which persists over weeks or months and is linked to adverse health outcomes; and eustress, a positive form of stress that can motivate or energize.

Physiological mechanisms involve the autonomic nervous system and the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis. Activation releases catecholamines such as adrenaline and cortisol, increasing heart rate, blood pressure, and alertness. Prolonged activation can contribute to cardiovascular problems, sleep disturbances, immune suppression, and mental health issues.

Causes are diverse, including work demands, financial pressures, relationship difficulties, illness, and traumatic events. Individual factors like personality, coping skills, and social support shape the experience and impact of stresse.

Management focuses on reducing exposure to stressors when possible and enhancing coping resources. Strategies include time management, problem-solving, physical activity, adequate sleep, healthy eating, mindfulness or relaxation techniques, and, when needed, professional help such as therapy or medical treatment.

Stresse is a widely studied topic in health and social sciences, with research emphasizing prevention, early identification, and the promotion of resilience to mitigate negative outcomes. See also stress (psychology) and stress axis.