Stomatopoda

Stomatopoda is an order of marine crustaceans, commonly known as mantis shrimp. They are distinguished by their large, complex eyes and their powerful raptorial appendages used for capturing prey. These appendages are divided into two main types: spearing and smashing. Spearing appendages have sharp, barbed tips to impale prey, while smashing appendages are heavily calcified clubs capable of delivering incredibly fast and forceful blows. These strikes are among the fastest movements in the animal kingdom, generating cavitation bubbles that implode and create shockwaves and heat, further stunning or killing prey.

Mantis shrimp inhabit tropical and subtropical waters worldwide, primarily residing in burrows or crevices on the seafloor. Their diet consists mainly of fish, crabs, mollusks, and other crustaceans. Their remarkable eyesight is a key feature, possessing up to 16 photoreceptor types, compared to humans' three. This allows them to see polarized light and a wider spectrum of colors, aiding in prey detection and communication.

Reproduction in mantis shrimp varies by species, with some exhibiting monogamy and others being promiscuous. Parental care is also observed in some species, with females guarding their eggs. Stomatopods play an important role in marine ecosystems as both predators and prey. Their unique adaptations and striking abilities have made them a subject of significant scientific interest.