Sterculoideae

Sterculoideae is a subfamily of flowering plants in the family Malvaceae. This subfamily was formerly often treated as a separate family, Sterculiaceae. The genera within Sterculoideae are diverse and found across tropical and subtropical regions worldwide.

The genera traditionally included in Sterculiaceae, and now mostly within Sterculoideae, have varied characteristics. Many species are trees or shrubs. Some well-known genera include Sterculia, from which the subfamily derives its name, and Cola, famous for the kola nut. The fruit types can vary, with some producing follicles or capsules. The flowers often have distinct petal-like structures called staminodes.

Phylogenetic studies using molecular data have led to the reclassification of Sterculiaceae into the larger Malvaceae family, specifically within the subfamily Sterculoideae. This placement reflects genetic relationships with other formerly recognized families like Bombacaceae and Tiliaceae, which are now also subfamilies or tribes within Malvaceae. The subfamily is characterized by its woody habit and specific floral structures. Conservation concerns exist for some species within Sterculoideae due to habitat loss and exploitation.