Steeple

A steeple is a tall architectural feature commonly found atop churches and certain public buildings. It typically sits above the main body of the structure and culminates in a spire or pointed roof. The word can refer to the whole tall structure or, in some regions, specifically to the spire at the top.

A steeple may include a base tower with openings for bells (the belfry) and may house clocks. Above the belfry, a tapered wooden, masonry, or metal framework supports a spire, turret, or cupola. Exterior cladding—stone, brick, or metal sheathing—helps protect the structure and conveys architectural style, from Romanesque to Gothic to modern.

Beyond its aesthetic role, the steeple serves practical purposes: it elevates the building as a landmark, helps to orient communities, and often houses bells used to mark service times and events. The spire or cross on top acts as a religious symbol and, in some regions, a weather beacon.

Steeples require careful engineering to resist wind loads, weathering, and, in some areas, earthquakes. Historic steeples may have timber framing or lead roofs and demand regular maintenance and restoration to prevent deterioration; modern restorations may incorporate metal framing and reinforced foundations.

In usage, the term "steeple" is often used to describe the upper, visible portion of a church structure, though architectural descriptions may distinguish between the spire (the pointed top) and the steeple (the overall assembly). Stacks of stones, timber, and metal reflect regional styles and periods.