Staubbäder

Staubbäder, or dust baths, describe a behavior in which animals rub or lie in dry soil or dust to care for their bodies. The term is used mainly for birds but is also observed in some mammals and other taxa. In birds, dust-bathing is a common routine among many terrestrial species and can occur in groups at preferred sites.

In birds, the behavior typically involves dropping to the ground, fluttering, and flinging dust over the body with wings and feet, followed by vigorous preening. The dust is applied to plumage, and afterward the birds shake or rub to remove it. Dust-bathing sites are often chosen for the texture and dryness of the soil, and social species may gather at these spots.

The main purpose of dust baths is believed to be the control of ectoparasites and to help regulate plumage condition. The abrasive action of the powder can loosen parasites and debris, while the dust also helps absorb oils from the feathers. Preening after a bath redistributes preen oils and enables the plumage to regain its protective condition. In addition, dust can provide a light covering that may aid thermoregulation and scent masking.

Beyond birds, some mammals, notably elephants, also engage in dust bathing. Elephants throw dust or fine soil onto their skin with their trunks to deter insects, protect against sun, and help remove parasites. The behavior is often linked to access to suitable substrate and can be influenced by environmental conditions.

In welfare contexts, providing appropriate dusting substrates in captivity supports natural behaviors, though excessive dust exposure can have respiratory drawbacks. The practice is typically part of a broader suite of grooming and self-maintenance behaviors observed across species.