Spurteknikker

Spurteknikker, ofte referert til som spørsmålsteknikker, beskriver et sett metoder som brukes for å hente informasjon, lede dialog og verifisere forståelse gjennom nøye utformede spørsmål. De er benyttet i journalistikk, kvalitativ forskning, utdanning, rådgivning og profesjonelle intervjuer.

Common techniques include open-ended questions, which invite broad, descriptive responses; closed questions, which seek specific facts; probing questions, which deepen or clarify a response; clarifying questions, used to resolve ambiguity; reflective or summarizing questions, which restate what was heard to confirm accuracy; funneling, which moves from broad to narrow questions; laddering, which delves into underlying reasons; and hypothetical questions, which explore consequences. Leading questions are generally discouraged in rigorous inquiry but may be used with caution to test assumptions or in specific pedagogical contexts.

Effective spurteknikker share several principles: clarity and neutrality in wording; adapting the line of questioning to the respondent's knowledge and comfort level; listening actively and following relevant threads; and pacing the interview so respondents have time to reflect.

Ethical considerations include obtaining informed consent, respecting privacy, avoiding coercion, and being transparent about the purpose of the questioning. In research and journalism, practitioners strive for accuracy, fairness, and non-manipulative inquiry.

See also: Interviewing, Qualitative research, Data collection.