Interviewing

Interviewing is a method of gathering information, perspectives, or insights through a directed conversation between a researcher, journalist, interviewer, or recruiter and an interviewee. It is used across fields such as journalism, social research, human resources, and investigations. The goal is to obtain accurate, relevant, and context-rich responses while respecting consent and confidentiality.

Interviews vary by structure and purpose. Common formats include structured interviews with fixed questions, semi-structured interviews guided by an outline, and unstructured interviews that resemble open conversations. Settings range from job interviews and informational interviews to panel, exit, or investigative interviews. Ethical considerations include obtaining informed consent and, where appropriate, recording with permission.

Preparation involves clarifying objectives, identifying information needs, and designing an interview guide with open-ended questions. The interviewer should arrange a suitable setting, plan question order, and anticipate potential challenges. During the interview, active listening, neutral questioning, and note-taking are essential; probing questions help elicit detail without leading.

Documentation and analysis follow the interview, often including transcription, coding, and synthesis of themes. In journalism, information should be verified and properly attributed. In research, data protection and respondent privacy are critical. Legal and organizational policies on disclosure, consent and record retention should be observed.

Key skills include building rapport, asking clear questions, managing time, and recognizing bias. Common pitfalls include leading questions, interruptions, over-editing responses, and failing to probe important topics. Best practices emphasize transparency about purpose, consent, accuracy, and fairness.