Splitgill

Splitgill, commonly called split-gill fungus, refers to the basidiomycete Schizophyllum commune, a widely distributed wood-decay fungus in the family Schizophyllaceae. It is found on dead hardwoods and, less often, softwoods across tropical and temperate regions worldwide.

The fruit bodies are typically small to medium, fan- or shelf-shaped, with a pale gray to light brown cap and a white to cream underside. A distinctive feature is the gills, which are decurrent and split along their length, producing a paired or forked appearance that gives rise to the common name. The spore print is white.

Ecology and distribution: Schizophyllum commune grows on dead or decaying wood, contributing to nutrient cycling in forests and urban environments. It is highly adaptable, capable of colonizing a wide range of substrates and climate conditions, which helps explain its status as one of the most widespread wood-decay fungi.

Reproduction and genetics: The species exhibits a tetrapolar mating system with numerous mating-type alleles, promoting genetic diversity through outcrossing. The genome of Schizophyllum commune has been sequenced, and the fungus is widely used as a model organism in fungal genetics and developmental biology.

Edibility and safety: It is considered edible, though it is not widely sought after for culinary use due to texture and varying availability. Some individuals may experience allergic reactions or respiratory sensitivities to its spores.

Research and significance: Schizophyllum commune is studied for its unique mating system, allorecognition mechanisms, and wood-decay enzymes, making it a valuable model in mycology and biotechnology research.