Spinnene

Spinnene, known in English as spiders, are an order of eight‑legged arachnids (Araneae) found worldwide. With tens of thousands of described species, spinnene display vast variation in size, color, and behavior. They are primarily predators that use silk to build shelters, lines, or to capture prey.

Anatomy: Spinnene have two main body segments—the cephalothorax and abdomen—eight legs, venom‑bearing fangs, and spinnerets that produce silk. Silk serves for webs, egg sacs, prey wrapping, and shelter.

Ecology and behavior: Some spinnene build webs to catch flying insects; others are active hunters. Orb weavers, sheet‑web builders, and funnel weavers represent major web strategies. Silk properties can be strong and elastic. Spinnene often show diverse mating and parental behaviors; many species guard eggs or provide some care.

Reproduction and life cycle: Most species reproduce sexually; males court females to avoid aggression. Females lay eggs in sacs, sometimes guarded. Offspring, spiderlings, undergo molts and gradually reach maturity, with lifespans ranging from about one year to several years.

Distribution and significance: Spinnene inhabit almost every terrestrial habitat. They contribute to insect population control and form essential components of food webs. Some species can deliver medically significant bites, though fatalities are rare.

Conservation and threats: Habitat loss, pollution, and pesticides reduce populations in some areas; many species are resilient or thrive in human‑modified environments.

Examples: Darwin’s bark spider (Caerostris darwini) makes exceptionally large webs; tarantulas represent large terrestrial spiders; several common house spiders belong to this order.