Spesifikaatio

Spesifikaatio refers to a formal, structured description of the requirements, constraints, and characteristics of a product, system, or process. It serves as a blueprint for design, development, testing, validation, and procurement, and it is used to communicate expectations clearly among stakeholders. In many contexts it is synonymous with the term specification and is a foundational element of requirements engineering.

A spesifikaatio typically covers functional requirements (what the system must do), non-functional requirements (how well it must perform, including performance, reliability, security, and usability), interfaces (how components interact), data formats, standards, and acceptance criteria. It often includes constraints such as regulatory, environmental, or material limits, and references to applicable standards to ensure compliance and interoperability.

Types commonly recognized within spesifikaatio include functional specifications, technical specifications, design specifications, performance specifications, and interface specifications. In practice, documents may combine several aspects into a single specification or be issued as separate sheets, data sheets, or API specifications, depending on domain and project needs.

Development and governance of spesifikaatio involve requirements elicitation and validation, with traceability from requirements to tests and deliverables. Change management, version control, and baselining help keep the document aligned with evolving needs and regulations. Standards bodies such as ISO or IEEE often provide domain-specific guidance that informs the content and structure of a spesifikaatio.

Examples illustrate its scope: a software API specification defines endpoints and data models; a consumer device specification lists dimensions, power, and tolerances; a construction project specification notes load ratings and safety standards. A well-crafted spesifikaatio reduces ambiguity and enables objective verification.