Spathes

Spathes are large, leaf-like bracts that surround or enclose the spadix in many members of the Araceae family. They are not true petals, and in most species the visible colored part is the spathe rather than the flower itself. The true flowers are small and borne on the spadix.

Morphology and structure: A spathe is typically a single, often tubular or funnel-shaped bract. It may form a hood or a sheath with a defined opening. The spadix is a dense spike bearing numerous tiny flowers, arranged along its length; male and female flowers may be separated along the axis or in distinct zones.

Function and ecology: Spathes attract pollinators and protect the reproductive flowers during development. In some plants they produce heat, scent, or fluids to entice insects; in others, the spathe’s form may help trap pollinators temporarily to promote cross-pollination.

Examples and diversity: The best-known spathes occur in the Araceae such as Zantedeschia (calla lilies), Anthurium, Philodendron, and Arisaema (jack-in-the-pulpit). Spathes vary widely in size, color, and durability, from vivid tropical displays to more subtle, greenish forms.

Taxonomy and terminology: The inflorescence unit consists of the spadix with its accompanying spathe. The term spathe derives from a word meaning a blade or sheath, reflecting its leaf-like character. In cultivation, spathes are often valued for their ornamental appeal and distinct floral structure.