Snapper

Snapper is a common name for many marine fishes in the family Lutjanidae, distributed in tropical and subtropical oceans. The family includes numerous species that are widely encountered around reefs, coastal areas, and offshore waters. Snappers are typically medium-sized, with a moderately deep, laterally compressed body, two dorsal fins, a sharp snout, and strong teeth. Coloration varies by species, but many are red, pink, or golden, often with a pale belly and distinctive tail markings.

Habitat and ecology vary by species but snappers are generally reef-associated or demersal. They inhabit coral and rocky bottoms, mangrove and seagrass regions, and offshore habitats. Juveniles frequently use inshore nursery areas such as estuaries and mangroves. They are carnivorous predators, feeding on crustaceans, mollusks, and smaller fishes. Reproduction usually occurs through group spawning in offshore waters, with eggs and early larvae drifting in the plankton before settlement.

Fisheries and conservation are important considerations for many snapper species. They support commercial and recreational harvests in many regions, and management often includes size limits, seasonal closures, and quotas to protect spawning aggregations and juvenile fish. Some species are more vulnerable to overfishing and habitat degradation, while others show greater resilience in certain areas.

Notable species include red snapper (Lutjanus campechanus), yellowtail snapper (Ocyurus chrysurus), mutton snapper (Lutjanus analis), and cubera snapper (Lutjanus cyanopterus). These species exhibit diverse coloration and patterns but share ecological roles as reef-associated, predatory fishes.