Smers

Smers was a Soviet counterintelligence organization established during World War II. Its full name translated to "Death to Spies." The organization was formed in April 1943 by order of Joseph Stalin, consolidating several existing security departments. Its primary mission was to combat espionage, sabotage, and treason within the Red Army and on the Soviet home front. Smersh operated under the authority of the People's Commissariat of Defense and later the People's Commissariat of State Security.

The organization was known for its harsh methods and significant role in maintaining Soviet military discipline and morale. Smersh units were present at all levels of the army, from front-line units to rear services. Their activities included arresting suspected collaborators, deserters, and enemy agents. They also conducted filtration camps for returning prisoners of war, who were often interrogated to ensure they had not been turned by the enemy. The effectiveness and brutality of Smersh have been subjects of historical debate. Despite its controversial reputation, Smersh is credited with disrupting significant German intelligence operations and contributing to the overall Soviet war effort. The organization was disbanded shortly after the end of the war in 1946.