Skráarkerfa

Skráarkerfa, often translated as file system, is a method and data structure that an operating system uses to control how data is stored and retrieved. It determines how files are named, organized, and managed on storage devices such as hard drives, solid-state drives, and optical discs. Without a file system, data placed on a storage medium would be one large body of data with no way to tell where one piece of information stops and the next begins.

A file system typically handles information about files, including their names, sizes, permissions, and locations on the storage medium. It also manages free space on the device, keeping track of which blocks are available for new data. Different file systems exist, each with its own advantages and disadvantages regarding performance, reliability, and features. Common examples include FAT (File Allocation Table), NTFS (New Technology File System), ext4, and APFS (Apple File System).

The role of the file system is fundamental to computer operation. It provides a structured and accessible way for users and applications to interact with data, abstracting away the complexities of the physical storage hardware. This allows for logical organization of information into directories and subdirectories, making it easier to locate and manage files. File systems also play a crucial role in data integrity, implementing mechanisms to prevent data loss or corruption.