Skrovläggning

Skrovläggning is a Swedish term that refers to the method of placing waste in sequential layers inside a landfill site, with the layers compacted and often protected by geotextiles, cover layers and drainage systems. The practice is employed to maximize the use of available landfill space, to control the generation of landfill gases and leachates, and to maintain the physical stability of the deposit. By separating waste into distinct strata, operators can monitor the evolution of gas emissions and the potential for leaching, allowing for targeted remedial actions such as gas extraction or additional cover.

In a typical skrovläggning operation, incoming waste is sorted and placed onto a prepared base layer. Each layer is compacted to reduce voids, then covered with an impermeable or semi‑impermeable sheet that limits water infiltration. After several meters of layers have been formed, a drainage system is installed to collect and treat leachate before it can reach groundwater. Gas capture systems are also integrated to recover methane for energy production or to vent it safely. The soil covering is typically layered with topsoil and vegetation to prevent erosion, and to integrate the site into the surrounding landscape.

The environmental performance of skrovläggning is governed by the Swedish Environment Code, the EU Landfill Directive, and national guidelines that require the installation of liners, leachate collection, and gas recovery systems. Properly designed and operated, the approach limits the release of contaminants and the volume of effluent. However, challenges remain; the long‑term integrity of cover layers and the effectiveness of gas extraction can be affected by site subsidence, operational errors, or extreme weather. Skrovläggning remains a common practice in countries with established landfill regulations, balancing waste disposal needs with environmental protection.