Skriinimisprogramme

Skriinimisprogramme is a concept in public health that refers to organized screening initiatives aimed at identifying a disease or risk factor in individuals who do not yet show symptoms. The goal is to detect health issues early, when interventions are more likely to be effective, and to reduce morbidity and mortality at the population level. These programmes are typically systematic, planned, and evidence-based, with defined target populations, testing methods, follow-up procedures, and evaluation criteria.

Key components of skriinimisprogramme include clear eligibility criteria, a standardized screening test with known sensitivity and specificity, a referral pathway for diagnostic confirmation, and data collection to monitor uptake, outcomes, and harms. Invitations or reminders may be used to encourage participation, and consent, equity of access, and privacy are important considerations. Programs are regularly reviewed against current evidence and may be adjusted for age groups, risk factors, or testing intervals.

Common areas for screening programmes include cancer (such as breast, cervical, colorectal, and, in some regions, lung cancer), cardiovascular risk, and certain infectious diseases. Prenatal and newborn screening also fall within the wider concept, though they often involve different ethical and logistical considerations.

Effectiveness varies by disease and setting and depends on test accuracy, participation rates, follow-up quality, and the availability of effective treatment. Potential downsides include false positives, overdiagnosis, anxiety, and resource use. Skriinimisprogramme strive to balance potential benefits with harms, guided by evidence, fairness, and careful governance.