Sjónmissi

Sjónmissi is the Icelandic term for vision loss or impaired vision. The word combines sjón (vision) with missi (loss), and in everyday usage refers to partial or complete reduction in the ability to see. It is not a single disease but a descriptive umbrella for various conditions that affect sight, from refractive errors to degenerative diseases.

Causes and presentation: Sjónmissi can result from ocular diseases such as cataracts, glaucoma, age-related macular degeneration, diabetic retinopathy, retinal detachment, and optic neuropathies; it may also arise from congenital or developmental visual impairments, eye injuries, infections, or neurologic disorders that affect the visual pathways. Symptoms depend on the underlying cause and can include blurred or distorted vision, reduced field of view, blind spots, glare sensitivity, or complete blindness.

Diagnosis: A comprehensive eye examination is used to assess vision and the cause of the loss. This typically includes testing visual acuity, refraction, pupil reactions, ophthalmoscopy, imaging of the retina and optic nerve, and perimetry to map the visual field. In some cases, optical coherence tomography (OCT) or brain imaging may be employed.

Treatment and management: Treatment targets the underlying condition when possible, with options such as cataract surgery, glaucoma medications or laser therapy, anti-VEGF injections for retinal diseases, or management of systemic diseases like diabetes. Visual rehabilitation and assistive devices, mobility training, and social support are common components of care for those with chronic vision loss.

Epidemiology and public health: Vision loss is a major cause of disability worldwide, with prevalence rising with age. In Iceland and other Nordic countries, national health data inform screening programs and rehabilitation services to reduce impact on individuals and society.

See also: Vision impairment, Blindness.