Sjónarsviðsbreytingar

Sjónarsviðsbreytingar refers to changes in the visual field, which is the area within which objects can be seen when the eyes are aimed straight ahead. These changes can be caused by various factors and are typically classified into two main types: central and peripheral.

Central scotomas are defects in the central visual field, which is the area of sharpest vision. They can be caused by conditions such as age-related macular degeneration, diabetic retinopathy, and retinitis pigmentosa. Central scotomas can lead to difficulty with tasks that require detailed vision, like reading or recognizing faces.

Peripheral scotomas, on the other hand, are defects in the peripheral visual field, which is the area of side vision. They can be caused by conditions such as glaucoma, optic nerve damage, and brain tumors. Peripheral scotomas can lead to difficulty with tasks that require peripheral vision, like navigating obstacles or detecting movement in the corner of the eye.

Other types of visual field defects include hemianopsia, which is a loss of vision on one side of the visual field, and quadrantanopsia, which is a loss of vision in one quadrant of the visual field. These defects can be caused by stroke, brain injury, or other neurological conditions.

Visual field testing is an important tool in the diagnosis and management of these conditions. It involves presenting stimuli in the visual field and measuring the patient's ability to detect them. This can help identify the type and extent of the visual field defect, and monitor changes over time.

Treatment for visual field defects depends on the underlying cause. In some cases, no treatment is necessary, while in others, medications, surgery, or other interventions may be required. Early detection and management can help prevent or slow the progression of visual field defects and improve quality of life.